What is a Meeting?
A meeting is where a group of people come together to discuss issues, to improve communication, to promote coordination or to deal with any matters that are put on the agenda and to help get any jobs done. For any meeting to be successful it needs the support of the group involved, or the organization behind it and it must have the intention of achieving some goal or objective. Purpose of Meetings
You have to be very clear on why you are calling a meeting. That is, you have to be very clear on what you want to accomplish and why you are bringing together the group of people that have been invited.
Meetings are held for any of the following reasons:
- To sort out any conflicts.
- To negotiate a contract or agreement, or matters to do with it.
- To deal with a current problem within the group or within the business or organization.
- To receive a report for assessment and review.
- To supply information to those present or to canvas views of those present on the particular matter at hand.
Types of Meetings
There are six types of meetings: (1) organizational meetings; (2) regular meetings; (3) special or emergency meetings; (4) work sessions; (5) public hearings; and (6) executive sessions. This section describes the salient features of each type of meeting.
- Organizational Meetings.
- Regular Meetings.
- Special or Emergency Meetings.
However, emergencies and special situations may require convening a special meeting often with little, if any, advance notice. Examples of special meeting items include, but are not limited to: emergency ordinances, unexpected matters requiring official action before the next regularly scheduled meeting, emergency equipment replacement, financial problems, and health and safety emergencies. While the occasional need for such meetings cannot be denied, the term “emergency”
should be used very carefully to avoid abuse of the special meeting. The procedures for calling special meetings are generally provided in each municipality’s charter. However, special meetings run the risk of violating the state Open Meetings Act if conducted without reasonable notice to the public. Therefore, it is particularly important in conducting special meetings to record the vote which calls the meeting and the notice of the meeting.
- Work Sessions.
Work sessions are not formal meetings; therefore, the council cannot take official action or final votes. In order to allow some understanding of the status of discussion items, most councils use either a “consensus” poll of the members or a “straw vote” to determine the sense of the council concerning each item. This consensus is not binding on the council members at a subsequent meeting when official votes are taken, but it does serve as a reasonable guide for the public, staff, press, and other council members. Work sessions must be open to the public. The open-ended, informal discussion format, however, is
intended to allow council members to discuss agenda subjects in a give-and-take fashion without the
formality of hearings, formal motions, and written reports. The number of council members and staff
participating in these discussions, combined with the tentative nature of many of the subjects, lead most councils to prohibit or discourage citizen participation in the discussion during work sessions. Citizens and the media are welcome as observers but usually may not participate unless called upon as resource persons. Municipalities may find it desirable to schedule a regular date and time for work sessions throughout the year. This allows council and staff to plan workloads and schedule other events. It also provides reasonable notice of the meetings to the public which is required by law.
- Public Hearings.
high community impact and when it is considering items for which local, state, or federal regulations mandate such hearings. The main purpose of such a hearing is to obtain testimony from the public. An issue on which a public hearing is held may be the subject of several work sessions and may generate potentially more citizen participation than can be accommodated at a regular meeting with its other normal business items. An additional meeting of the council for a public hearing can be valuable in providing the public an opportunity to learn the current status of a project and give the council, as the public policy makers, clear indications of public sentiment before making a decision. Additional work sessions at a subsequent meeting generally follow the public hearing before final council action on the matter at a regular hearing.
- Executive Sessions.
What makes a good meeting?
- Participants’ ideas are heard
- decisions are made through group discussion and with reasonable speed, and
- activities are focused on desired results.
Good meetings require good leaders and good participants. A good leader understands the purpose of a meeting, makes sure that all participants understand this purpose, helps keep the discussion on track, works with participants to carry out the business of the meeting in the time allotted, and tries to ensure that everyone is involved appropriately in discussions.
Good participants come to a meeting prepared for the business at hand—with reports ready, concerns over key issues thought out, and questions about key issues organized. They also bring to the table their best listening skills and group manners. These participants, for example, take turns talking, stay on the point of discussion, and help to move decisions forward.
What are characteristics of a successful business meeting?
- Begin as Scheduled
Robert Levasseur, in his book Breakthrough Business Meetings, suggests that at the start of any meeting, “participants reach a common understanding of what they’re going to do and how they’re going to do it.” Hence, everyone needs to be present at the start. Levasseur says that this normally takes ten percent of the meeting time, so if you’re going to be meeting for 30 minutes, you only need 3 minutes or so to deal with some basic issues such as:
- the main purpose of the meeting,
- the participants’ desired outcomes,
- the actual agenda itself, and
- the key meeting roles, which for smaller groups is understood at the outset.
- Tardy Slips
Require tardy people to apologize to the group. It then becomes their responsibility afterwards to catch up with the group for the parts they missed. Never backtrack for late arrivals, it will only force everyone to stop and wait while the guilty party receives a personalized briefing. * Hand out plum assignments in the first few minutes so that tardy people are left with the least desirable tasks. This is a great incentive for arriving early.
In certain organizations, and this is not my preference, the tardy are the subject of early discussion. In other words, they are the target of gossip, innuendo, and outright jokes. So be late, and be vilified!
Find out what works for your participants, and what steps you are willing to take to encourage promptness. You may quickly catch on that none of these subtle coercions is as effective as pre-interviewing participants, circulating an agenda, and demonstrating on a repeated basis that the meetings start promptly as scheduled.
- Agendas as Game Plans
Follow the agenda strictly, eliciting the input of others as needed. Encourage the attendees to participate and as each agenda item is discussed, ask participants to keep in mind the following questions: what is the specific issue being discussed, what does the group want to accomplish in discussing the item, and what action needs to be taken to handle the issue?
Schedule meetings around breakfast rather than lunch or dinner. Most people have to get on with their day and hence would be glad to get down to business. Also, some of the topics that emerge in the meeting can be carried out during the course of the day.
- Define, Resolve and Keep it Moving
Every question does not always need to be addressed for every issue. Sometimes an agenda item merely represents an announcement or a report to the group that doesn’t require any feedback or discussion. Other times the issue at hand represents an executive briefing, because the matter has already been resolved.
On occasion, unnecessary discussion ensues, and an item ends up requiring twice as much time (if you’re lucky) as originally allotted. Often you will find that participants make up for the overflow in one area by being briefer in other areas.
For those items on the agenda that have a corresponding objective, you have the responsibility to seek out progress towards the objective. What else needs to be accomplished, and by when, to meet the overall objective? As with any goal or objective they need to be written down, quantified, and assigned specific time frames.
- Undershoot so you Can Overshoot
For a meeting that lasts longer than 30 minutes, schedule a break some time in the middle. Otherwise you’ll lose the attention of participants who are thinking about other extraneous topics. You may also lose the attention of some participants simply whose attention spans have been, shall we say, influenced heavily by mass media today.
- Condition Your Meeting’s Environment
Make sure your meeting room is well lit and has excellent ventilation. If you have a choice between having a room be slightly too warm or slightly too cool, opt for cool. A cool room will keep participants fresh and alert. The discomfort may prompt attendees to complain, but at least no one will go to sleep.
Regardless of where you’re meeting, here are other room organizing techniques:
Meet in a room where participants won’t be disturbed by ringing phones, people knocking on the door, and other intrusions. You want to achieve a meeting of the minds and accomplish great things; distractions do not help.
Meet where there is wall-to-wall carpeting and walls adorned with pictures, posters, curtains, and the like to help absorb sounds and offer a richer texture to the voices being heard.
Contrast this environment with a meeting held on a tile floor, with cold metal chairs, and blank, thin walls. Participants can’t wait for the meeting to be over when the meeting room feels like a holding cell, no matter what’s being discussed.
Meet where the seats are comfortable and support the lumbar region of the back. However, overly comfortable seats may have a detrimental effect and encourage people to nod off.
Sources :
http://www.startrungrow.com/information/business/1,2383,purpose-of-meetings.htm
http://www.mdmunicipal.org/DocumentCenter/Home/View/267
http://breathingspace.com/characteristics-of-a-successful-meeting/
Group's Member :
- Amelia Purnamasari
- Anisa Sagitasari
- Dian Ambar Riani
- Selvy Kusumadewi
www.gunadarma.ac.id
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